Thursday, November 10, 2016

How Kliff Kingsbury Uses the Empty Formation



With only a few weeks remaining in the college football season, a few players have emerged as the best in the country. Sitting at the top of that list (statistically, in regard to passing yards) is Patrick Mahomes, quarterback at Texas Tech.

Mahomes is the latest in the long list of successful air raid quarterbacks at Tech, with that list starting around the time his head coach was playing. Kliff Kingsbury, the architect behind the latest version of the air raid, has his quarterback playing at a high level. While Kingsbury’s offense is part of the air raid tree, it definitely has its own branch.

One of the biggest differences between Kliff’s offense and the traditional air raid is the use of the empty formation. Kliff will attack defenses out of the empty formation by adapting traditional air raid concepts to the formation.

With the quick game (with RPO’s and without) being the focal point of the offense, the empty formation gives Tech an added element with these plays. Here is one of the quick game concepts Kingsbury has used in 2016.



This play stretches the left side of the defense horizontally and vertically with the “Spade Concept” . The post route on the right side is to occupy the left hashmark if the safety leaves to cover the fade from the slot. The quarterback should key the left corner and left safety presnap, and progress left to right. The 5 yard out cut from the inside receiver to the right will be the checkdown. The video link below shows how quickly Mahomes gets the ball to the hitch route, and how one missed tackle can lead to a big play.


The next play is very similar to the previous play, with only one route changed. The left split end runs a drive route instead of a hitch. This route is probably an option route, but it is hard to tell for certain.

This time, Mahomes attacks the leverage of the middle linebacker. The video link is below



A few core five step concepts round out a complete empty package. Below is a version of the “Smash Split” Concept.



The air raid guys have a few main coaching points to this concept.



1. The hitch routes are run at the line of scrimmage. This is to maximize the spacing between the two outside routes. This technique places the maximum amount of stress on the cornerback, as it becomes difficult to be in position to play both routes. This route depth also gives the split end plenty of space to make a move after the catch.

2. The corner routes take an inside release. This also adds to the spacing, like the shortened hitch routes. It also creates a more well-timed play. The quarterback will have a better chance of throwing this route out of the break, as he will be able to read the depth of the corner quicker. This technique also gives the receiver more space to make a move after catching the ball, instead of catching the ball on the sideline.


The split route has an adjustment against a middle of the field closed (MOFC) defender. The receiver will run a dig route, hitting the window between the expanding hook defenders. If the hook defenders have their eyes on the inside releases of the #2 receivers, this window will be large. In the video below, Mahomes hits the dig route against cover 3.




One of the most iconic plays in the air raid offense is the “Y Cross” concept. This play gives the quarterback a quick concept to the frontside (flat-fade) and a longer developing backside concept. With hot receivers to each side, this play is protected against a blitz.






The benefit of running Y Cross out of empty is the check down receiver starts in a more aggressive position (at the line of scrimmage), instead of the backfield in a 2x2 set (see below). This encourages the defense to react to his route and open up the backside dig.



On a side note: If anybody knows how the air raid guys, particularly Holgorsen, teaches the different route adjustments on the backside dig, I would be very interested to learn the rules.

Kingsbury also runs “Mesh”, another air raid staple, out of empty.


Although many of the concepts are the same, the empty formation gives the offense advantages in certain situations, with certain plays. Kingsbury has found a way to blend that together to give his quarterback another way to attack the defense.



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